What does the inflation rate typically measure?

The inflation rate typically measures the percentage change in the price index from the preceding period. This reflects how much prices for goods and services in an economy have increased (or decreased) over a specific timeframe, often annually. The price index, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), represents a basket of goods and services, allowing economists and policymakers to track changes in purchasing power and cost of living.

Understanding the inflation rate is crucial for economic analysis, as it influences monetary policy, consumer behavior, and overall economic health. A rising inflation rate indicates increasing prices, which may lead central banks to adjust interest rates to stabilize the economy. Conversely, a declining or negative inflation rate could signal economic problems, prompting interventions to stimulate growth.

Other choices like the change in interest rates, average unemployment, or GDP growth do not directly measure inflation and are concerned with different aspects of the economy. While they are all important economic indicators, they serve distinct purposes in understanding economic conditions.