Which of the following theories focuses on fairness in treatment as a motivator?

The concept of fairness in treatment is a central aspect of the equity theory. This theory posits that individuals are motivated by the relative fairness of their input-output ratios compared to others. When individuals perceive that they are being treated fairly, and that their contributions (inputs) are matched appropriately with their outcomes (rewards, recognition, etc.), they are more likely to feel satisfied and motivated to perform well. Conversely, if they perceive inequity—whether they feel under-rewarded or over-rewarded—this can lead to feelings of resentment, decreased motivation, and potentially reduced performance.

Equity theory emphasizes that motivation is influenced significantly by social comparisons, and fairness perceptions can affect not only individual motivation but also overall group dynamics. Understanding this theory helps in fostering a more equitable workplace where employees feel valued and motivated to contribute.

Other theories, while relevant in the context of motivation, do not primarily focus on fairness as their core tenet. Expectancy theory highlights the link between effort, performance, and rewards. The Pygmalion effect relates to the influence of expectations on performance, and behavioral leadership theory examines how leaders' behaviors can influence their subordinates' performance, but none specifically center on fairness in treatment as a motivator in the same way